The+Scientific+Revolution-2

= Scientific Revolution = = Page Created by: Marie, Maddie, and Nicole =

=Overview: = Reformation was taking place in Europe in the period between 1300 and 1600. Another revolution was taking place at the same time, one that would change the views of the physical world. The scientific revolution was taking place all over Europe. Many people were unsure of the Bible and its connection to science. Many scholars including Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus made scientific discoveries during this period.

= New Ideas on Universal Structure and Church's Response: = New discoveries by scientists made the churches uneasy. Galileo's findings scared the Catholic and Protestant churches because what he said went against what the church said, and they didn't want to lose any followers. They made Galileo say that Copernicus was wrong, and they put Galileo under house arrest for the rest of his life.

= Scientific Method: = The definition of the scientific method is using observations and experimentation to explain theories on the working of the universe. The scientific revolution is the base of the scientific method. This method allowed scientists to find answers through research and reasoning. Research today is a necessary tool for modern science.

= Newton and Gravity: = Sir Isacc Newton's work in the scientific revolution was based on advances made before him in mathematics. Newton first affirmed the laws of motion and linked them with Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Newton found the concept of universal gravitation. He said that every particle of matter would attract every other particle of matter with a force proportional to the square of the distance between them.

= Chemistry: = Robert Boyle wrote a book called __Sceptical Chemist__ (1661). It challenged what Aristotle said about the physical world being made up of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire. Boyle instead believed that matter was made up of smaller primary particles that were joined together different ways. Boyle also made Boyle's Law, which explains houw the temperature, volume, and pressure of gas affect each other. Philosophers and scholars across Europe started rethinking long-held beliefs about the human condition, and the rights and liberties of ordinary citizens. This eventually helped change the political landscape in many societies.

= Advancements: = One advancement during this era was mathematics. Mathematics helped prove abstract theories and provide a more logical method in expanding the understanding of astronomy. Mathematics developed a response to the demands of the sciences.

= Effects Today: = The scientific revolution encouraged the removal of God in day to day life. The fact that so many people began to turn away from the Bible has an impact on the number of people who do not believe in anything. The scientists did not understand the impact they had by questioning religion, many people turned their backs on it.

= Biography Page =

= Galileo: = Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who studied astronomy. Galileo built a telescope in 1609 to study space. His observations were published in the __Starry Messenger__. Galileo announced that Jupiter had four moons and the sun had dark spots; the theory of the moon and stars being a pure substance was shattered. Galileo's discoveries were against the Catholic and Protestant leaders. They were afraid that if people began to believe in Galileo's observations, than many would turn against the church. Galileo was warned but continued in his studies. He went on to publish books that presented his support on the Copernicus theory. Galileo then proclaimed his teachings and was arrested.

= Copernicus: = Copernicus was a Polish astronomer and mathematician. He became interested in astronomy. He published a description of the heliocentric. He believed that the Greeks were right and the sun was the center of the solar system.Copernicus used his math skills to prove his beliefs. He didn't publish his findings until 1543 and he died the same year.

=Kepler: = Johannes Kepler was born in Germany in 1571. He was a sickly child, his family moved around a lot so it took him twice as long to finish elementary school. He went to a university and studied Theology, but was distracted by a job as a professor in math and science. It was there that he discovered his passion for studying the universe. Kepler analyzed Tycho Brane's research and proved that the planets orbit around the sun. Many people still didn't believe him even though today he is considered one of the top astronomers in Europe.

=Questions =

1. How did the church feel about Galileo's and Copernicus's findings?

2. How was science in general affected by the scientific method and how did this prove their findings?

3. Why do you think Sir Isacc Newton based his work on previous scientists and how did this help him work faster?

4. What were the four elements Aristotle believed the world was made of?

5. Why do you think the response of the demand of science in this era increased?

6. Many people look back and see people were questioning the Bible long ago. How do you think that affected their families on how they viewed religion?

7. What was Kepler like as a child?

8. Copernicus believed the sun was the center of the solar system. Who thought this before him?

9. Many people during this era believed in whatever the churches proclaimed. Why do you think the Catholic and Protestant leaders were so against Galileo and his discoveries? 10. What was Galileo's sentence from the church after his hearing?

= Sources =


 * 1) <span style="color: #c800ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">World History textbook
 * 2) <span style="color: #c800ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">@http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/global/themes/change/sci.cfm
 * 3) <span style="color: #c800ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">@http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/scientificrevolution/section4.rhtml
 * 4) <span style="color: #c800ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">@http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Copernicus.html