The+Spread+of+the+Enlightenment-2

Spread of the Enlightenment
= = =Page Created By: Taylor Keip, Taylor Dollar, and Jeff Giffen =

Paris was the capital for culture of Europe.Many people around the world came to study and philosophize the many forms of Europe. They came to also enjoy the diverse, assiduous culture. Historical people went there and then emitted bright new influential ideas. Introducing enlightenment in the homes of multiple affluent women, the ideas of enlightenment was popular. Many philosophers, writers, artists, and scientists would accumulate into the wealthy womens’ drawing rooms and discuss new and improved ideas (SALON). One of the most important and influential salon hostesses in Valtaire’s time was Marie-therese Geoffrin, who helped finance a man named Denis Diderot.
 * Salons: **

Marie-Therese Geoffrin helped Denis create a large set of books. Denis eventually called the books encyclopedias and began to publish them in 1751. Catholic churches and the French government was furious with the expression of enlightenment through articles, and was eventually the articles were banned. Their reason for doing so was they had said “It undermined royal authority, encouraged a spirit of revolt, and fostered ‘moral corruption, irrelgation, and unbelief.’” Diderot sill continued to publish his encyclopedia. He helped distributing the idea of enlightenment to educated people, spreading through newspapers, pamphlets, and even political songs. The middle class had grown attention to the idea. Middle class people could afford the books and then were able to help and accommodate the artists.
 * Encyclopedias: **

The Enlightment had changes in the arts especially - music, literature, painting, and architecture. Art, music, literature, and painting changed and got popular. In the 1600’s and 1700’s baroque came around. Which is new style, a grand, ornate design, used in palaces such as Versailles. Ideas and themes came from Rome and Greece. The new stlye was neoclassical: new classical, which came around in the late 1700's. Johann Sebastian Bach of Germany and George Fredrick Handel of England were composers who dominated Europe. New “classical” music was popular. There were three composers named Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. They were the greatest figures of classical music. Novels were popular, also. They had carefully crafted plots, suspense, and explored characteristics’ thoughts and feelings. These were popular in middle-class families. Samuel Richardson’s //Pamela// was the first true English Novel. Henry Fielding’s //Tom Jones// was also written and was popular.
 * New Artistic Styles: **

Many people thought that the best figure of government was a monarchy. In which the ruler would attend and notice the people’s rights. Enlightened despots, meaning absolute ruler, they were Monarchs who decided to grasp the newer ideas and ameliorate enlightenment a little bit more. Reforms were created from monarchs who had accepted the new ideas, which is known as enlightened despots (meaning absolute ruler) The enlightened despots had no avidity to lose any power, their only drive was to create stronger countries and to be an effective ruler. Frederick ll of Prussia, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph ll of Austria. And Catherine the Great of Russia were the main enlightened despots. From 1740 to 1786 Frederick ll gave himself to Prussia, granting freedom of religions, and education became more advanced. Frederick thought that having serfs was a poor action, but did nothing about it, and did not change the order of the social order. Frederick called himself “the first servant of the state”. He called himself this because he wanted to strengthen and serve his country Daughter of a german prince, and 15 years old when she was to be married to the Grand Duke Peter. A heir to the Russian throne. Peter had mental disabilities, which Catherine took as a weakness and her chance to take power. She became friends with many of the army’s officers, and became known as the most intelligent person in court. In 1762 Peter became Czar, Catherine had him arrested and confined, shortly after he died. Today people think he was murdered. In 1772, Austria, Prussia, and Russia took a piece of Poland. Which was called the First Partition of Poland, and eventually they captured the rest of Poland by 1795. The independent country of Poland was gone for more than a century. Catherine enhanced the Russian empire, becoming an international power
 * Enlightenment and Monarchy: **
 * Catherine Expands Russia: **

He was the king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. He had very strong feelings about reforming Prussia. He also reformed the justice system. He did very good things also, such as, granting religious freedoms and got rid of torture. He also believed that serfdom was wrong but he never did anything to stop it. Fredrick depended on support from weathly land owners and never tried to change the social order. Fredrick called himself "the first servant of the state" because his goal wass to serve and strengthen his country. Joseph II was a reformer and leader of Austria, and also the son and successor of Maria Theresa. He ruled from 1780 to 2790. He introduuced legal reforms and freedom of the press. He also supported freedom of worships for Protestantss, Jews, and Orthodox Christians. One of the main things he was abolishing serfdom and ordering peasants to be paid for their labor with cash. But nobles resisted the change. Joseph II helped out a lot of people.
 * Biography Page: **
 * Fredrick the Great: **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Joseph II: **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What did Frederick call himself?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Who was the successor of Maria Theresa, and when did he rule?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Who did Catherine marry, and why how did she take over power?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Why did people travel to Europe?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What types of people would take part in a Salon?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Who wrote and published the encyclopedia?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">How was enlightenment spread?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What was the dominant European art of the 1600’s and early 1700’s.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">What is considered the first true English novel?

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Who were the three new classical music composers?